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Gruppe 3:
Literary minimalism is often expressed through the use of short or short-short stories that are nearly plotless. They treat isolated moments or seemingly random insignificant events. They happen to often begin in media res, and to have an anti-climatic ending, where the reader is to put some thought into what really happened. The reader has to reflect about the issues presented that lie underneath the story that just unfolded. Generally there's a deeper meaning and a message, bringing the 'less is more' to life.
Gruppe 5:
Minimalism is mainly characterized by the lack of information and “less is more”. Simplicity and very few details are key words and they along with a good portion of realism create the minimalistic universe. The context dictates the meaning and so the readers are meant to take an active role in the story because it is our job to figure out what motivates the character(s). The deeper meaning and implicit message therefore depends on the interpretation and understanding.
Toni's checklist on minimalism:
Minimal description of both characters and setting
Characters: generally one or two simple, middle-class characters, often shown eating and drinking while discussing seemingly trivial things.
Characters don’t express their thoughts or emotions; struggling to both speak and act
Abundant dialogue – chit chat
Seem to have important things to say, but regularly choose not to talk, or when they do attempt to speak, their message is unheard, misinterpreted, or even ignored by other characters.
Silence used as a form of communication
Setting: generally domestic/mundane and “safe”, e.g. living rooms, bedrooms, kitchens, or even cars
Theme: Stories are contemporary and realistic, often dealing with common place subject-matter
Tone: Informal, relatable and familiar – or nihilistic ->
Narrator:
Detached or absent narrator
Ambiguious (sometimes unreliable) narrator
Narratives reveal more than they resolve
Showing, not telling as primary means of communicating information
Use of brand names to quickly characterize/describe
Omissions/gaps used to highlight main ideas and also to create ambiguity
Short words, short sentences, short paragraphs, leading to a very short story (paratactic style ->)
Often written in first person, present tense narration -> abundant dialogue
Stylistically sparse (punctuation, speaker tags, personal identifiers, etc. are often limited or omitted)
Easy/reduced vocabulary
Fewer adjectives and, when used, not extravagant
Little figurative language
Repetition of words, phrases, or ideas
Paratactic style: when a text contains a high degree of comparatively short and simple main clauses
hypotactic style = more complex language combining a number of main and subordinate clauses by means of hypotactic conjunctions such as ‘when’, 'as’ or ‘because’.
Ernest Hemingway is well known for his use of paratactic style, e.g. in “Indian Camp”.
Raymond Carver in “What We Talk About When We Talk About Love” also applies a paratactic style.
Also to be considered in connection with style are elements such as figurative language, word order, punctuation, grammar and the use of alliteration.